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As one of the world's only two doubly landlocked countries. Uzbekistan was once part of the ancient Silk Road, the international route through which traders of silk and other precious goods travelled between Asia and Europe.
Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are currently the only two countries in Central Asia with metro systems. It is promoted as one of the cleanest systems in the former Soviet Union. The stations are exceedingly ornate. The Tashkent Metro has been in operation since November 6, 1977. It is the first urban rail transit system in Central Asia. Currently, there are three metro lines operating, with a total length of 36.2 kilometers and 29 metro stations. In addition, the authorities have announced that a new line will be planned in 2025, and the construction of a metro line and a high-speed rail line will start from Tashkent to Nur-Sultan.
Train links connect many towns in Uzbekistan, as well as neighbouring former republics of the Soviet Union. Moreover, after independence two fast-running train systems were established. Uzbekistan has launched the first high-speed railway in Central Asia in September 2011 between Tashkent and Samarqand.
Uzbekistan was the only country in Central Asia that could produce the aircraft. Besides the domestic airways, there are some regular flights with China, Japan, South Korea, Europe, the United States and most countries of CIS. In 2012, the passenger volume was 2.65 million, an increase of 14.12%. There are 12 airports in Uzbekistan, and Tashkent airport is the largest one among Central Asia, which can take off and land all kinds of aircraft. The local government claimed that new airport construction will be launched in 2023.
Islamic Karimov Tashkent International Airport is 12 kilometres away from the centre of Tashkent. It is the primary hub of Uzbekistan Airways and is the largest international airport in Uzbekistan, and the busiest in Central Asia. The airport comprises two terminals: Terminal 2 receives international flights, Terminal 3 is for domestic traffic.
Tashkent has the only high-speed railway in Central Asia, and the high-speed train with a speed of 250km/h runs between Tashkent and Samarkand. The route passes through four provinces: Tashkent, Sirdaryo, Jizzakh and Samarqand in Uzbekistan. Trains operate seven days a week under the brand Afrosiyob.
Public transport is developed in Samarkand. Municipal bus (mostly SamAuto and Isuzu buses) is the most common and popular transport in the city. Also in the city since 2017 there are several Samarkandian tram lines, mostly Vario LF.S Czech trams. Also, the city very much a city taxi (mostly Chevrolet and Daewoo sedans).
Samarkand International Airport was opened in the 1930s in the Soviet Union. As of spring 2019, Samarkand International Airport has flights to Tashkent, Nukus, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Istanbul and Dushanbe, as well as charter flights to other cities.
Samarkand is the railway centre in Uzbekistan. All the trains running from East to West of Uzbekistan and back pass through Samarkand. The most important and longest national railway route is Tashkent-Kungrad, which passes through Samarkand. High-speed Afrasiyab (Talgo 250) trains run between Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara. Samarkand also has an international railway connection Saratov-Samarkand, Moscow - Samarkand, Nursultan - Samarkand.
Bukhara is the largest transport hub after Tashkent in Uzbekistan. Inside the city, there is the facility of bus transportation, and there are over 45 bus lines, the vast majority of them have been equipped with ISUZU buses but some buses are being brought from China. By the number of buses and bus routes facilities, Bukhara is the largest after Tashkent in Uzbekistan.
Bukhara International Airport has regularly scheduled flights to cities in Uzbekistan, China, Russia and other countries. The Turkmenistan border is about 80 km away with the nearest city there being Turkmenabat, connected via the M37 highway which continues to other places in Turkmenistan including Ashgabat. The city is also served by railroad links with the rest of Uzbekistan and is a hub for roadways leading to all major cities in Uzbekistan. The city of Samarkand is 215 km to the east of Bukhara.
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