Bai Mansion: WWII Prison & Chinese Revolution History Site
Bai Mansion, also known as Baigongguan, is a historic site located in the Shapingba District of Chongqing. Originally a suburban villa owned by Sichuan warlord Bai Ju, it was converted into a notorious secret prison in 1939 by the Nationalist government’s Military Intelligence Bureau. The villa was forcibly purchased for 30 liang (taels) of gold and transformed into a detention center for revolutionary figures. Many prominent individuals were imprisoned here, including General Huang Xiansheng, President of Tongji University, Zhou Junshi, and the family of Communist Song Qiyun.
During the War of Resisting Japanese Invader, Bai Mansion became a symbol of resistance. It housed many revolutionaries who fought against the occupying forces, enduring harsh conditions and brutal treatment. Among the well-known prisoners were Luo Shiwen, Xiao Luobotou, and Jiang Jie, whose stories of resilience and courage continue to inspire visitors. The site also served as the original setting for the novel "Red Crag," which depicted the struggles of the prisoners.
Today, Bai Mansion is a memorial site that offers a powerful look into Chongqing’s wartime history. Visitors can explore the old buildings, which now house exhibits and black-and-white photos that recount the struggles of the prisoners. The small, cramped cells provide a glimpse into the daily life of those held here, with simple wooden beds and small tables serving as reminders of the basic conditions they faced. Some walls still bear carvings made by former inmates, symbolizing their hope and defiance. An exhibition hall displays personal items used by the prisoners, each carrying a powerful story of perseverance.
The site is located on Gele Mountain, and its address is Zhuangzhi Road. Visitors can reach Bai Mansion by taking Bus 210 or Metro Line 1 to Martyrs Station. The journey through this historic site is not just a walk through the past but a testament to the human spirit’s ability to endure and hope. Bai Mansion stands as a symbol of the intense resistance and the sacrifices made by those who fought for freedom.